Leonardo, Michelangelo and Titian Essay Example for Free

Leonardo, Michelangelo and Titian Essay His statement argues that the latest and unfinished works of the artist should be reassessed with more appreciation than the works completed during his mature period, as they enable the viewer to understand the trace of the under painting and the original intention of the artist, not necessarily because of the virtue of incompleteness and ultimo that they spellbound the viewer. Pliny the Elder’s statement seems to be valid explaining artists’ old-age style, especially for the ones who had a long career like Michelangelo and Titian. The old-age style is not necessarily limited to the aesthetic style, which the artists from the same period perhaps shared in common, but it also refers to the latest phase of the artistic career of the artists who were active for a long time. Therefore, each old-age style of them is obviously differentiated in terms of their perception, ideal, and background. However, Pliny’s statement is not thoroughly suitable, but sound feasible for reassessing their art historical values. He warns on the contradiction of giving the works the biased credits for only being latest and unfinished, which would be false impression on the contrary. Michelangelo and Titian, whose time frames partially overlap to each other, certainly built up the established fames based on the long artistic career incomparable to their contemporaries. The old-age style literally refers to the style of the artist in his old age, but we should not limit the meaning of this temporal phase as the word ‘old’ explicitly connotes. Apparently, the term gives a sense and expectation that those work will be somewhat less refined, polished, vital, perhaps aesthetically regress compared to the ‘mature’ style of the artist that established an honor to add the suffix ‘-schi’ to the end of their names. Although the works they created are static and permanent objects, their artistic styles that dominated the period are in flux. The old-age styles of the high Renaissance artists predict the forthcoming of the Maniera and Baroque generation, and demonstrate the senile sublime, freely emancipated from aesthetic vanity, emotionally touching, and revealing much enhanced psychological depth. The latest works of Michelangelo, the two frescoes at the Pollini chapel in Rome he worked for almost a decade, close the long painting career of him. Although these works were completed officially, they imply non-finito aspect enhanced by the medium, which began to be noticeable since the Last Judgment. The Conversion of Saul, executed first about two decades before his death, became the center of controversy immediately and got negative reception from the contemporaries. What Michelangelo depicted is far from the classical physical beauty and the artist engaged with his own perception to the episode. The vision of Christ is exclusively shown to the anti-Christian Saul, as he becomes temporarily blind and gains insight instead. The artist explicitly illustrated the very internal experience of Saul and placed it above the earthly space parallel to the troops who fear the unknown voice from the sky. A newly suggested diagonal along with light and darkness enhance the dramatic tension from the left top to the foreground center connected by the beam of the God. The compact figures shown in each zone are the continuation of Michelangelo’s terribilita. In the latter fresco, Crucifixion of Saint Peter begins to show the bold diagonal, which gives almost a proto Baroque aspect. Saint Peter with the upside down cross and the void surrounding him occupy the central picture plane. Although there is no strong suggestion of the light source other than sunset, the surrounding figures, especially their features, are in shade and less individualized. As they focus the center scene like mere spectators, the overall composition of the painting engages the viewer’s attention to be concentrated to the center as well. The heroic torso of Peter fights against the gravity by lifting himself up and delivers the pain caused by the four nails on each feet and hands. He throws a daring gaze to the outward, invites the viewers into the pictorial space. The shallow space, as if the figures would spill into our space, no more retains the high Renaissance balance and harmony, as well as the figures somber and gracelessness suggests the end of its era with the negation to the fixed beauty. The contrast of light and dark of Michelangelo is not as radical as the later phase of Leonardo foreshadowing the tenebroso of the next century but enough to inform that he as well acknowledge to the limit of the high Renaissance style and gradually shift to the new style. As these works are Michelangelo’s last effort in the art of painting finished about a decade before his death, they deserve Pliny the Elder’s statement as the example fits into the artist’s old-age style. Not necessarily the artist weakened physically, but crucial as the works suggest that the artist perhaps had reached the pinnacle of his mature style, being free from the obligation to maintain his signature style. Pieta, the last work of Titian, which was left unfinished due to the death of the artist in 1576, perhaps is more feasible for Pliny the Elder’s statement as the example which is unfinished, and delivers the ‘sorrow for the hand that perished at its work’ due to the physical deterioration of the artist. Titian’s mature style based on the Tuscan monumentality and Venetian colorito tradition enabled him to achieve international success from the early career. Titian’s figures, which were very palpable and articulated with sfumato begin to possess terribilita as he moves towards the later period, the tension and fear overwhelm in the pictorial space. His works executed in the last decade of his life, such as Flaying of Marsyas and Pieta, explicitly demonstrate the radical change in the artistic style. Despite the tragic subject, Titian narrates the scene without any pity. His brushstroke handling different textures are somewhat minimized, rather showing rough and hazy painterliness, and the conventional palette suggests the radical changed in its tonality, which is no longer vivid or individualized; these intense styles almost foreshadow the later style of Rubens and Rembrandt. The Pieta also conveys the same dramatic tension, not as much as overwhelming like the former work but represent the subdued grief and agony. Against the background architecture, marble nave with pediment, and two statues looking out of the pictorial space, four figures are arranged in almost like statues sculpted for a pediment. Moses and figures form a bold diagonal, balanced with a putto holding torchlight on the other side, yet conventional composition of Titian. Among the figures in a grief over the death of Christ, only Magdalena is stand out as a true protagonist whereas others are static and silent in subdued grief; she evokes the vivid drama into the painting with her explicit expression about to cry out and theatrical pose. However, the most striking changes in the latest Titian’s are the tonality and brushstrokes, which are totally different from the old-age style of Michelangelo in terms of its artistic style and later appear in the latest style of Rembrandt. Perhaps it is due to the old-age that caused the bold and hazy brush strokes and change in his palette. Nevertheless, Titian was able to sublime his physical defect into the artistic style that is more grandeur, and filled with dramatic tension. If Pliny’s ideal is the art in flux, these latest and unfinished works of old-aged masters should be praised more than the previous works in their oeuvre although the mature works reached the artistic pinnacle of the style of the time and the latest works with innovation suggested the foreshadowing of the later style. The artist’s work is a response to the style of the current and the great artists who we remember as old masters and whose styles never remained static. Their works suggest innovation, and the styles were in flux; they learned, influenced, and built their own styles. Especially Michelangelo and Titian had a long artistic career that enabled them to reach the pinnacle and experience limit of the high Renaissance style. We see the grace and virtue of the old-aged master, who lacks the strength to leave the refined brush strokes or represent the subtle tonality, but whose work is free from all the obligations of the long-time practiced convention.

Catching Them Early :: essays papers

Catching Them Early Richmond, California, is a predominately low-income city across the bay from San Francisco. In some of its hard-pressed neighborhoods, children are at high risk of gang involvement, drug abuse, and violence and teen pregnancy. But instead of relying only on law enforcement agencies to keep children safe, the people of Richmond have taken matters into their own hands. Community agencies and schools are working together to break the cycle of poverty and violence. "Catching Them Early" profiles the extraordinary efforts of Richmond's Lincoln Elementary School to ensure a bright future for its children. Ninety-nine percent of the kids attending Lincoln qualify for federal meal subsidies; many have family members in a gang. So the school makes special efforts, including the hiring of outreach workers, to provide the kind of support kids need to stay in class and do well. Teenagers in Richmond find support at Families Unites, an unusual community health organization that has made crime prevention part of its mission. Families Unites and its caseworkers like outreach worker Gonzalo Rucobo, who was himself once a gang member, help kids stay out of gangs and avoid conflicts that can lead to violence. "Catching Them Early" observes one teenager's struggle to remove himself from gang violence without alienating his old friends. "Two of my friends," he says, "have got shot down, [and] they were not banging' anymore. I'm just trying to stay out of trouble. I don't say I'm lucky until probably ten years from now. You never know who's going to come up behind you." "Catching Them Early" also explores how Richmond is responding to the growing tendency of teenage girls to become involved in violence and crime. Richmond targets teen mothers, providing them with training in child rearing and help in anticipating the difficulties they will encounter, and makes a special effort through programs like Head Start to make sure that young children get the support they need to become successful students. "Richmond is inspiring," says series writer/producer Roger Grief, "because it's a community under pressure that is challenging its youth crime problem without relying solely on cops, courts, and corrections.

Edwards’ Sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” Essay

When first reading Jonathan Edwards’ sermon, â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,† shocked readers how it started right in about the wrath of God and Hell. His diction and images create a tone of alarming immediacy – act now for your own good. â€Å"The bow of God’s wrath is bent†, the arrow ready to pierce the heart of a sinner. Edwards uses this frightening image to compare the power of God to the people. His point is that he wants to persuade sinners to repent. Edwards seems to feel a harsh tone is needed in this to get the point across that they need God to lead them out of the dreadful pit. Edwards’ word choices present a contradiction, saying that people who have a relationship with God can still go to Hell because there is only God’s hand holding us up from Hell. The word â€Å"obligation† implies that the arrow could pierce a sinner’s heart right now, during his sermon. Also, â€Å"everlasting destructionà ¢â‚¬  has a big impact, telling people that they can have life if they follow God, or be swallowed up by Hell. Edwards is didactic and harsh with the information he tries to convey to the congregation, scaring them he hopes, into salvation. He uses these tools to help the tone on the importance of knowing God and how people’s lives can be changed. He does this out of love, trying to tell them how it really is and wanting them to choose the right way. This frightening, bullying tone is a far cry from the 21st century sermons which emphasize God’s love for mankind as in the well known verse John 3:16.

My Last Duchess and Porphyria’s Lover by Robert Browning...

My Last Duchess and Porphyria’s Lover by Robert Browning In the two poems there is a lot of ‘dramatic monologue’ where the writer is showing his personal his personal feelings in the poem. It is also classified when a single person is talking and asking questions with no reply like in ‘The Last Duchess’ the Duke is talking to the servant about his past wife but all the servant is interested in is whether the Duke will marry the Count’s daughter. My Last Duchess is about a duke who wants to marry the Count’s daughter. The Count does not know the duke very much this is why he sends his servant round to visit the Duke and his property. When the poem starts the servant is already at the Duke’s house. The Duke very kindly†¦show more content†¦The Duke obviously got mad by this because he goes on to say ‘I gave one command and then all smiles stopped together’ which states he killed her. Porphyria’s Lover is about an anonymous guy who is having an affair with Porphyria. Porphyria’s anonymous lover is very annoyed that Porphyria does not declare her love for him and leave her partner for him, but as the stormy night grew Porphyria started to admit her love for him. Porphyria’s lover said ‘Happy and proud, at last I knew Porphyria worshipped me, at this moment she is mine no one can stop that now’ Porphyria’s lover is debating what to do to keep this moment special. Porphyria’s lover now knows what to do he says ‘Perfectly pure and good, I found a thing to do, and all her hair in one long yellow string wound three times her little throat around, and strangled her’ he is saying that he killed her. Porphyria’s lover ends the poem by saying ‘And yet God has not said a word’ he thinks he’s done no wrong at all. Porphyria’s lover thinks he has done no wrong because God has said nothing and he wanted to sabre the moment, but he has just strangled his true love. He is obviously a possessive pig who just thinks about himself all the time. Life in the nineteenth century for women was dreadful, as Robert Browning has shown us in his two magnificent poems. Women were the property of men and did not have a say in anything, their fathers decided who theyShow MoreRelatedPorphyrias Lover And My Last Duchess By Robert Browning1510 Words   |  7 PagesRobert Browning is a romantic and victorian poet who writes from a speaker’s perspective while a listener is listening to what the speaker reveals about him or herself. Oscar Wilde, author of The Complete Letters of Oscar Wilde, once exclaimed, â€Å"In art, Browning can make action and psychology one!† A healthy and fully expressed relationship is the bond between two people, consisting of trust, honesty, and respect (Denham et al. 397). Within â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† and â€Å"My Last Duchess,† Robert BrowningRead MoreA Comparison of Porphyria’s Lover and My Last Duchess by Robert Browning1188 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparison of Porphyria’s Lover and My Last Duchess by Robert Browning The two poems ‘Porphyria’s lover’ and ‘my last duchess’ by Robert Browning shows a dramatic monologue. Dramatic monologue is a story that is told by one person; which means you only get one point of view; in the two poems they are based on the narrator’s crisis, his feelings and his way of thinking; and you have to believe it because that is the only view your going to encounter. In dramaticRead MoreComparing My Last Duchess and Porphyrias Lover by Robert Browning716 Words   |  3 PagesComparing My Last Duchess and Porphyrias Lover by Robert Browning These poems by Robert Browning were written in the Victorian era. The Victorians from the outlook seemed to live on high standards and rules, but underneath they craved for scandal and gossip. Robert Browning gave this to them through his poems. They were filled with adultery, passion, sexual tension and murder. ===================================================================== Porphyrias LoverRead More Robert Browning Poems: My Last Duchess and Porphyrias Lover3774 Words   |  16 Pages Robert Browning is one of the most celebrated poets of the Victorian age. His two poems I am working from, My Last Duchess and Porphyrias Lover, are just samples of his eminent work. Browning wrote a range of monologues when living in Italy with his wife, Elizabeth Barret. Dramatic monologues are the basis of the essay. I will discuss whether (or not) each poem creates a character who reveals himself in what he has to say. My Last Duchess is a monologue spokenRead MoreA Comparison of the Dramatic Monologues of Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess by Robert Browning665 Words   |  3 PagesA Comparison of the Dramatic Monologues of Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess by Robert Browning Robert Browning (1812-89) was, with Alfred Lord Tennyson, one of the two most celebrated of Victorian poets. His father was a bank clerk, and Browning educated himself by reading in the family library. He published many verse dramas and dramatic monologues (poems, like My Last Duchess, in which a single character speaks to the reader), notably the collections Men and WomenRead MoreAnalyzing How Robert Browning Uses Dramatic Monologue to Portray Madness in His Poems My Last Duchess and Porphyrias Lover1438 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzing How Robert Browning Uses Dramatic Monologue to Portray Madness in His Poems My Last Duchess and Porphyrias Lover A dramatic monologue is when a character in a piece of writing speaks their thoughts and feelings out loud. It is used because it gives an insight into the persons mind. Browning chose this form for the two poems because it makes the poem feel more realistic and you know everything the character is feeling it also subconsciously makes the reader feelRead MoreCompare My Last Duchess And Porphyrias Lover1098 Words   |  5 PagesLove That Kills (Comparing and Contrasting of â€Å"My Last Duchess† and â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover†) While reading the poems â€Å"My Last Duchess† and â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† by Robert Browning, there is a large possibility that you may be left haunted by the words that were written on the paper. â€Å" This is not to say that he was blandly optimistic, as he is sometimes portrayed. He wrote fully about the world s cruelty and vice and was quite frank that he had himself had no divine revelation. Nevertheless, he resolvedRead MorePorphyrias Lover And My Last Duchess Comparison789 Words   |  4 PagesMeaning Of Brownings Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess (An Analysis of Comparing and Contrasting Brownings poems called Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess) Robert Browning was a Victorian poet. He portrayed an understanding of gender rules in his poems. Browning’s poems are similar to a puzzle, which makes the reader have to figure out what is really being said in the poem. Browning wrote two famous dramatic monologue poems called Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess. His poems create aRead MoreSummary Of Porphyrias Lover And My Last Duchess1001 Words   |  5 PagesVisa Versa (An analysis of the similarities and differences of Last and Lover by Robert Browning) Robert Browning is the great poet of dramatic monologues. A dramatic monologue is described as narrator revealing characteristics about himself, while still explaining a particular series of events. Robert Browning was slow to make himself a name, but once he realized his capabilities in the literature world his career took off. Biographer, Richard Black explained, â€Å"Widely regarded for his knowledgeRead MoreSimilarities Between My Last Duchess And Porphyrias Lover1113 Words   |  5 PagesTrue Love (A Discussion on Robert Brownings My Last Duchess and Porphyria’s Lover.) Robert Browning wrote many amazing dramatic monologues during his time in the 1800’s. â€Å"The English poet Robert Browning (1812-1889) is best known for his dramatic monologues. By vividly portraying a central character against a social background, these poems probed complex human motives in a variety of historical periods†(Gale). Browning was super influential with his monologues during the Victorian period and even

The Use Of Recombinant Dna For Science And Medicine

Introduction The use of recombinant DNA technology has been a huge advancement to science. In the early 1970s the first recombinant DNA was produced (â€Å"1972 First†, 2013). Researchers Stanley Cohen and Hebert Boyer used restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, and then fused them back together to form their recombinant vector (â€Å"1972 First†, 2013; Cederbaum, S., et al., 1984). Through transformation the vector is then inserted into a host cell to amplify their hybrid DNA, also known as recombinant DNA (â€Å"1972 First†, 2013). This technology allowed scientists to insert a human gene into the genetic material of common bacteria. This was a huge break through for science and medicine. Now the recombinant DNA could be used to produce protein encoded by the human gene (â€Å"1972 First†, 2013; Cederbaum, S., et al., 1984). The first protein to be synthesized from recombinant DNA technology was human insulin (Tuohy, P., 2013). To do this the human insulin gene was inserted into a plasmid, which had previously been cut by restriction enzymes. After the insulin sequence was added into the plasmid, the plasmid was then transformed into bacteria to amplify the insulin sequence (Tuohy, P., 2013). The new recombinant bacteria are then induced, and the bacteria produce more of the insulin. The insulin is then harvested and purified, so that it can be used to treat diabetes (Tuohy, P., 2013). Before insulin was produced through genetic engineering, it had to be obtained fromShow MoreRelatedThe Human Of Recombinant Bacteria1649 Words   |  7 PagesRecombinant bacteria is a bacterium cell that has had its genome changed, by the alteration, or edition of a gene. Recombinant DNA is DNA that has been artificially prepared by cutting DNA into smaller fragments and joining fragments together, that would not normally be found together naturally- even fragments taken from different organisms.( Principles of Gene Manipulation sixth edition, S.B. Primrose, R.M. Twyman and R.W. Old ) DNA can be cut using the enzyme Restriction endonuclease, which recognisesRead MorePublic Engagement, Democratizing Science Or Nightmare?1245 Words   |  5 PagesBiohacking: public engagement, democratizing science - or nightmare? â€Å"Do-it-yourself biology† or â€Å"DIY biology† is a social movement rooted in the idea of citizen science. Usually called biohacking, emphasizing the relationship with hacker culture, this form of public engagement in science has been the subject of controversy since its inception. The word hacking, usually associated with information technology, is a term used for the development of creative solutions for a problem by someone in aRead MoreRecent Uses of DNA Technology Essays1020 Words   |  5 PagesRecent Uses of DNA Technology DNA, Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is the basic structure for all life, it is the blueprint, the instruction manual, on how to build a living organism. DNA is made up of four nitrogen bases, adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine which are connected by sugar-phosphate bonds. Through a process called Protein Synthesis, the nitrogen bases are the code for the creation of amino acids. Essentially, DNA makes amino acids, amino acids make proteins, proteins make organisms. ThisRead MoreDna And Ethics Of Recombinant Dna1601 Words   |  7 Pages Recombinant DNA and Ethics Brooke Boland BIO/410 - Genetics October 23, 2017 Miranda Gauthier Recombinant DNA and Ethics Recombinant DNA technology has become a powerful influence to many fields including medicine, pharmaceuticals and agriculture. Genetic modifications of plants, animals and other organisms have allowed scientists to improve the quality of human life. As genetic engineering continues to rapidly grow, many ethical, social and legal issues arise evaluating the risksRead MoreGenetically Altering Our Future Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pageshuman—genome. Tremendous advancements in understanding the human genome trace back to Gregor Mendel’s cross breeding of pea plants, and have delved even deeper with the Human Genome project. While the research into recombinant DNA, introducing gene sequencing into originally created DNA strands in orders that would not occur naturally, has gone on for over thirty years, the societal disagreements and disdain towards the idea of cloning and other ‘morally corrupt’ forms of genetic alteration have raisedRead MoreThe Benefits of Ge netic Engineering Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversy that must be defined are the following: recombinant DNA technology, cloning, gene therapy, and the humane genome project. Genetic engineering is the alteration of genetic material by direct intervention in the genetic processes with the purpose of producing new substances or improving functions of existing organisms. According to Gale’s Science of Everyday things, â€Å"it is a very young, exciting, and controversial branch of the biological sciences.† Genetic engineering has been used almostRead MoreGenetic Engineering : The Technique Of Producing Recombinant Hybrid Dna By Combining Two Different Strands Of Dna1731 Words   |  7 PagesAhad Memon for proof reading my paper. Abstract Genetic engineering is the technique of producing recombinant hybrid DNA by combining two different strands of DNA. The fundamental concept of genetic engineering is gene cloning; the technique of altering the genetic structure of an organism. Gene cloning has four basic processes, namely cutting : the process of isolating the required starnd of DNA, modification : the process of altering the ends of the strand so that they could be attached to anotherRead MoreThe Discovery, Process, And Applications Of Transgenic Bacteria1416 Words   |  6 PagesTransgenic bacteria, or genetically modified bacteria, is a type of recombinant DNA organism which uses bacteria as the host for inserting an exogenous gene. This biotechnology has been most widely utilized in medication with a great contribution to the progress of today’s medical science and pharmacy. This research paper introduces the discovery, process, and applications of transgenic bacteria. Furthermore, its advantages, disadva ntages, and future directions will also be discussed. In 1953,Read MoreGene Therapy And Delivery Methods1245 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Each human body consists of net numbers of genes in which half of genes are defective in nature. We do not suffer any injurious effects from that defective genes as we carry two copies of DNA that carries two copies of the specific gene present in somatic cells. The gene which is likely to be harmful is recessive gene so if we inherit two copies of recessive gene from our parent, then disease will occur ( Carroll, 2011).Now days every year noticeable children are born with geneticRead MoreIs the Use of Transgeneric Organisms Essential to the Advancement of Therapeutic Medicine?1315 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction Genetic modification is currently at the forefront of modern science and is being utilised in various fields such as medicine, agriculture and industry. Genetically Modified or transgenic organisms are organisms that have been genetically altered in a specific way for a particular purpose. It is now possible for scientists to exchange genes from one species of organism to another. This process is performed when certain characteristics of one organism are desired in another organism

Sample Literature Review - 2561 Words

Adolescent Eating Disorders and Attachment Araceli Hogg amp; Zeynep Cifci University of Houston Adolescent Eating Disorders and Attachment Eating Disorders (ED) negatively affect 25% of adolescents. It is a disorder that compiles abnormal eating habits that includes either excessive or insufficient food intake. These abnormal eating habits can definitely affect the individuals physical and mental health. Different factors are presume to be correlated with eating disorders in adolescents. Some examples consist of depression, anxiety, behavioral problems, low self-esteem, role of attachment, parental relationships, etc (Gossens, Braet, Bosmans, amp; Decaluwà ©, 2011). In the present paper, an examination of the role of attachment that†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, deficits of parental attachments were linked with different types of adolescent psychopathology on clinical groups, which induces to support the findings in the study. Regarding seeking proximity, half of the group with eating disorders claimed that since the disorder was identified, they developed a closer relationship with their mothers. Th e findings proposed that the disorder served as a mean to obtain closeness in order to satisfy the mothering hunger for the emotionally unsatisfied adolescent (Orzolek-Kronner, 2002). One limitation to this study is the reliability of self-present measures reported by adolescents. Another limitation is that this study focuses only on females and their relationships with their mothers. Next, the topic of attachment in relation to eating disorders is projected using ex post facto study method, which refers to something occurs after the fact. In the research article by Cunha, Relvas and Soares (2009), the differences of family perceptions related to eating disorders are inspected. The main focus was to distinguish detected family characteristics between females with anorexia nervosa and females with no eating pathology. The sample consisted of 34 females with anorexia nervosa and 34 females with no eating pathology. It is predicted that family perceptions are related to the methods they seek for solutions during detrimental family conflicts. Family resilience has an enormousShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review Sample10727 Words   |  43 Pagesunderstanding and knowledge? weiver erutaretil a gnioD What are the major issues and debates about the topic? What are the political standpoints? What are the key sources? What are the origins and definitions of the topic? Literature search and review on your topic How is knowledge on the topic structured and organized? What are the key theories, concepts and ideas? What are the epistemological and ontological grounds for the discipline? What are the main questions and problems thatRead MoreChapter 2 Review of Related Literature Sample1295 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES FOREIGN STUDIES In its broadest sense, impeachment is the process by which public officials may be removed from office on the basis of their conduct. Strictly speaking, it is the decision by a legislature to accuse an official of one or more offenses that warrant removal according to constitutional standards. A vote to impeach then triggers a trial based on those charges. The most famous impeachment proceedings have involved presidents, butRead MoreThe Development Of App Preceptors Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesThe focus of the evidence in this literature review is to explore the need for and the development of APP preceptors to aid in new hire transition to practice, with a focus on CRNA preceptors. The review will begin broadly by presenting the evidence that supports the need for preceptor program development due to the common themes identified by novice APPs. Then, the need for preceptor development will be discussed. Finally, the review will conclude with current evidence that preceptor deve lopmentRead MoreApplication Of App Preceptor Programs Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesThe focus of the evidence of this literature review is to explore the need for of APP preceptor programs to aid in new hire transition to practice. The review will begin broadly by presenting the evidence that supports the need for preceptor program implementation due to common themes identified by novice APPs. Then, the need for preceptor development will be discussed. Finally, the review will conclude with current evidence that preceptor development is not only needed, but is effective in bridgingRead MoreLiterature Review On Childhood Trauma Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pages Literature Review Article Critique Jocelyn Claudio Widener University September 25, 2016 Overview The authors of this literature review evaluated studies completed on adults who were 50 years or older and also experienced trauma as a child. They reviewed the impact childhood trauma has on their mental and physical health as older adults. They collected findings from 23 studies that were published between 1996 through 2011 and concluded that childhood trauma did in fact have negativeRead MoreAnalysis Of Article Writing Style1068 Words   |  5 Pagesorganization was not clearly delineated. There was an ineffective use of headings. The research question and population sampling were embedded within the text which required the reader to search for these items. There was no Literature Review heading. The review of the literature was discussed within the Introduction section. References were listed throughout the research article. Terms or â€Å"jargon† used was defined and related to public internet social network programs. Definitions were also includedRead MoreComparision Matrix1517 Words   |  7 Pagesread empirical studies can help doctoral learners manage time more effectively (GCU Lecture 2, 2012 p. 1). In this paper, one will find a complete comparison of three articles that will review the different forms of research questions posed for the studies, sample populations used, the limitations, literature review, study conclusions, and recommendations for further research. Article one analyzed Transformational Leadership in the Public Sector: Does Structure Matter, written by Bradley WrightRead MoreA Qualitative Research Methods For Public Service Course847 Words   |  4 Pagesthat is flexible in order to study the group within its own environment (2014). The last of the three designs is case study research design. Case study involves collecting data from a sample of a larger group of similar background within a designated time frame (Baskarada, 2014). The results obtained from the sample group, theoretically represents a larger group of similar background (2014). Case study research design can be used for both qualitative and quantitative research. Quantitative researchRead MoreResearch Study On The Field Of Specialisation1473 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause it is recent, relevant to the research question and conducted in United Kingdom. Aveyard (2014) states that the critique and detailed analysis of an article for review is an important step to addressing the author’s objective for the review. Study Purpose The study’s aim was to assess understanding of UK weaning guidelines in a sample of UK mothers and to ascertain the various sources of weaning advice accessed by first time mothers in the UK (Moore et al, 2014). Parahoo (2014) states that theRead MoreThe Content Management System ( Cms ) Usage1153 Words   |  5 Pagesthe journal titled Information Technology and Libraries (ITAL). ITAL is the official scholarly peer reviewed journal of the Library and Information Technology Association (LITA), a division of the American Library Association (ALA). This journal reviews and publishes articles in the following areas related to library automation, the Internet and other aspects of information technology (American Library Association, 2015). The purpose of this study was to â€Å"examine Content Management System (CMS)

Ground Level Ozone Regulations Essay Example For Students

Ground Level Ozone Regulations Essay What: In 1997 the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)established new ozone standards. The EPA also placed specialrestrictions on twenty-two states in the Ohio Valley and Midwestregions to prevent emissions from coal-burning power plants frombeing carried into the New England States by wind currents. (Tennessee is one of these twenty-two states.) Both of theserulings were recently either struck down or placed on hold byFederal Appeals Courts. Why: The regulations put into place in 1997 by the EPA weremore restrictive than the 1990 standards. The regulations limitthe amount of ground level ozone and fine particle pollutionpermitted. Ground level ozone is produced by nitrogen oxide(NOx)which is created by burning fossil fuels. Since gasoline anddiesel are both fossil fuels, then NOx is a major component ofautomobile emissions. Several members of the trucking and fossilfuel industries, as well as members of the twenty-two stateregion, have challenged the regulations in Federal Court and havebeen successful in blocking the implementation of the new rules. In the past two months, two separate Federal Court Of Appealspanels have ruled that the EPA’s authority to establish clean airstandards is not properly delegated by Congress under the CleanAir Act. Therefore, since the EPA is a part of the Executivebranch of government and not the Legislative, they have noauthority to produce regulations on their own. The plaintiffs i nthe case also argued that the amount of pollution a person cantolerate has not been established and until it is the EPA shouldnot make the current regulations more restrictive. How: The main actors in this event are the AmericanTrucking Associations and their fellow plaintiffs, the twenty-twostate coalition, the EPA, and the Federal Appeals Court. Why would the American Trucking Associations and otherfossil fuel burning industries want to limit the EPA’s authority? What do they have to gain? Last year, according to the EPA’s ownpress release detailing their enforcement efforts in fiscal year1998, the EPA referred 266 criminal cases to the Department ofJustice, as well as 411 civil court cases. Approximately half ofthe civil cases required violators to change the way they managetheir facilities or to reduce their emissions or discharges. TheEPA also assessed almost $93 million dollars in criminal finesand another $92 million in civil penalties. In addition to finesand penalties, polluters spent over $2 billion dollars to correctviolations. Not included in this estimate would be the legalexpenses incurred or the advertising and marketing costs requiredto mend a damaged pubic relations image. Clearly it is in theindustries’ best financial interest if the regulations are lessrestrictive. Many companies that sp ent large amounts of money tomeet the 1990 Clean Air Act standards would have to spend evenmore to meet the amended 1997 standards. Do the states in the twenty-two state region have anotherreason to argue against the standards? According to SeanCavanagh’s article in the April 4, 1999 edition of theChattanooga Times/Free Press, Atlanta lost $700 million infederal roads money as a result of failing to come up with apollution containment plan. In addition, the state of Georgiahad to fund a state â€Å"superagency† to develop and enforce transitplans that meet federal standards. The states joined theindustrial groups in claiming that the new standards are toostrict and are unnecessary. Chattanooga is not expected to meetthe new requirements by the year 2000 deadline and ChattanoogaMayor Kensey and Tennessee Governor Sundquist were two of thepublic officials who protested the new standards as being toostrict. .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48 , .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48 .postImageUrl , .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48 , .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48:hover , .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48:visited , .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48:active { border:0!important; } .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48:active , .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48 .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6dbbbc8c3ce0e60a6fcf6dd616370a48:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The natural and human sciences EssayAre the new standards too strict? How does the EPAdetermine the required levels? According to the press releaseissued by the EPA following the court’s decision, the FederalCourts are not questioning â€Å"the science and process conducted bythe EPA justifying the setting of new, more protectivestandards.† The EPA claims that their standards, which aredesigned to limit the affects that smog and soot have on peoplewith respiratory problems, protect 125 million Americansincluding 35 million children. The Federal Courts only haveissue with the constitutionality of certain parts of the CleanAir Act that allow the EPA to establis h clean air regulations inthe interest of public health. The EPA is recommending that theDepartment of Justice appeal the ruling to the US Supreme Court. Several interest groups are closely watching the case. Thepowerful industrial and truckers lobby groups are supporting theplaintiffs, while several environmental lobby groups and healthassociations, such as the American Lung Association, aresupporting the EPA’s efforts. All interest groups haveapparently been relatively quiet so far since the issue is acourt case and most are probably afraid of being accused oftrying to influence the courts decision. If the issue gets a newlife in Congress then obviously the lobbyist will be more active. Opinion: Who gets what, when and how. The EPA is trying toestablish new clean air requirements to take effect in the year2000 by using the public health clause of the Clean Air Act. Theplaintiffs are trying to avoid having to spend more money to meetthe requirements by 2000 by arguing that the public health clauseis unconstitutional. What is the federal government’s stand on the issue. WhiteHouse press secretary Joe Lockhart claimed that they are â€Å"deeplydisappointed† by the courts decision. Considering that theliberals are generally supportive of environmental issues this isnot surprising, but what about the conservatives? Republicansare usually more protective of business interest. More strict laws on environmental issues will cause fewer new companies tostart-up. This would of course have an adverse affect on theeconomy. It should be noted that the two judges who voted on theside of the plaintiffs in both of these case were Reaganappointees and therefore probably conservatives. Is it fair for the EPA to impose new strict standards onlyseven years after instituting sweeping changes in clean airregulations? Many companies are probably still paying for thenew programs they implented to help meet the previous standards. Fair or not these standards are probably necessary. Ground levelozone contributes significantly to smog. Smog, according to aneditorial by the Chattanooga Times’ Harry Austin on May 20,1999,in turn affects not only our health, but also crop andforest loss, acid rain and fog production, and increases regionalhaze. If there are so many important benefits to reducing groundlevel ozone then why is the public so silent on the matter? Probably for two reasons. First, confusion with atmosphericozone. The ozone surrounding the Earth blocks out radiation fromthe sun. Ground level ozone traps in fine particles. The holein the Earth’s ozone layer makes the evening news. Smog alsomakes the evening news, but very little is ever said about theco ntribution made to it by ground level ozone. Many Americansprobably just consider more ozone a good thing, but it’s not ifit’s not in the right place. Secondly, in an article written byJeff Dean for the Associated Press a survey was cited that statedthat Americans are discouraged by the Earth’s environmentalproblems and are beginning to feel there is nothing that can bedone, therefore why even worry about it. The EPA is trying to dosomething about our problems and is meeting with resistance fromindustrial and transportation groups. If the Supreme Court doesnot overturn the lower court’s ruling and reinstate the newregulations then millions of Americans will continue to sufferthe effects of smog. If the court rules the regulations voidbecause they are not properly delegated by Congress then thefloodgates will open on lawsuits against numerous suchregulations. If an already unproductive Congress is forced tocreate all of their own regulations then the count ry will come toa stand still. If, however, these regulations are created atrandom without proper Congressional supervision then a mainportion of our system of checks and balances will be voided. Acompromise must me attained. .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179 , .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179 .postImageUrl , .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179 , .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179:hover , .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179:visited , .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179:active { border:0!important; } .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179:active , .u7e4f99 bb588aae66e18d36994506d179:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; po sition: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179 .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7e4f99bb588aae66e18d36994506d179:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Procrastination Essay